Lithium batteries have warning messages written on their sides.
Lithium batteries are a common type of battery in cell phones, computers and other electronics, and many stores sell these batteries. Stores that sell lithium batteries may also collect used batteries for recycling programs. Some lithium batteries can be recharged many times and others are discarded after one use. Disposal of lithium batteries requires caution because there are chemicals inside these batteries that are toxic and flammable. According to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, only trained professionals wearing protective gear should clean up a lithium battery leak.
Immediate Hazards
Lithium batteries contain dangerous chemicals. Thionyl chloride, bromine and sulfur dioxide may be released from a ruptured battery. The Materials Safety Data Sheet for lithium batteries states that the contents of the batteries can cause skin and respiratory system irritation, as well as burns. Lithium batteries that rupture release both liquids and gases.
Landfill Problems
Lithium batteries cannot be placed in trash that will be dumped in a landfill. A ruptured battery produces toxic liquids which can get into rivers and oceans. According to Stanford University, it is illegal to dispose of lithium batteries in a landfill in California. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory states that lithium compounds may ignite or explode when exposed to a heat source in the sewer system.
Explosion Hazard
Lithium batteries may not be incinerated. These batteries will explode at high temperatures. A battery leak will also release gases that can explode, especially in a confined room. Lithium metal will ignite if it is exposed to water, which can also produce enough heat to cause an explosion. Lithium ion batteries do not contain lithium in its pure metal form, so they pose less of an explosion hazard.
Remaining Charge
Fully discharging lithium batteries reduces the risk they create. Discharging the batteries converts the chemicals inside the battery into less reactive chemicals. The state of New Hampshire recommends placing tape over lithium battery electrodes or placing each battery in a separate plastic bag during disposal to reduce fire hazards. This disposal step is helpful because the lithium battery may contain a residual charge even if it can no longer power an electronic device.
Cancer Risks
Some of the compounds in lithium batteries are carcinogens. Lithium hexafluoroarsenate is present in lithium batteries, and arsenic causes cancer, according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Other metals in batteries, including nickel and manganese, can also cause cancer. Other chemicals that are present in lithium batteries may also be carcinogens, as these substances have not been tested to determine if they cause cancer.
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