TV digital converter boxes allow older analog TVs to receive digital signals clearly. The U.S. government has mandated that all TV stations begin broadcasting in digital by the middle of 2009. After that people with analog TVs will no longer receive programming unless they have a digital TV converter box. Boxes are widely available and reasonably inexpensive, and the government is offering assistance in purchasing one for those who need it.
Digital vs. Analog
The old analog signal broke down the TV sound and image into a series of modulated electronic signals broadcast over a particular wavelength. Digital signals, on the other hand, broadcast in a binary code of 1s and 0s, similar to the way a computer stores and receives information. They're preferable to analog signals because they provide improved picture quality and take up far less space on the spectrum, allowing the government to devote move broadcast space to fire, ambulance, and emergency services. Broadband companies have also expressed interest in purchasing space on the spectrum for their own services.
The Box
The converter box small and lightweight, and sits on the top of your TV the way a cable box would. The back of the box usually contains two coaxial antenna outlets, which work for older TVs. The antenna goes into one coaxial outlet and the box plugs into the TV through the other. Most boxes also contain a set of RCA cable outlets (one yellow, one red, one white), which allow you to hook up a VCR or DVD player and watch programming that way as well. Once the converter box is hooked up, you shouldn't change channels using the TV. Controls on the box will allow you to flip from station to station.
Who Needs One?
If you're currently receiving cable or satellite TV, you probably don't need a digital TV converter box. Most cable and satellite companies already broadcast in digital (though you should call yours to make sure). You'll also be able to receive digital signals if your TV is digital compatible. Those over a decade old almost certainly won't be. Newer TVs might (especially flat-screen or LCD TVs), but you should check with the manufacturer if you are uncertain. Analog-only TVs using rooftop antennas or the classic "rabbit ears" will not receive the new digital signals and need a digital converter box.
Cost and Vouchers
Digital TV converter boxes are inexpensive--retailing for about $50 at electronics stores. In addition, the government is offering vouchers to those of limited means, good for $40 off the asking price of a digital TV converter box. The vouchers are limited to two per household and are only good for qualified brands of converter box. The FCC has a web page with more information--see Resources.
Time Frame
Initially, the digital conversion was supposed to be completed by February 17, 2009, after which all TV stations would need to broadcast in digital. That deadline has been pushed back in order to help consumers better prepare. TV stations now have between March 24 and June 12, 2009 to go digital. Barring any further delays, June 12 will be the last broadcast date for analog TV.
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